PATENT RIGHTS

Earlier pages have gone into the history of patents and how they are granted as a right under the U. S. Constitution. Now let’s get a little more specific. It is a grant of a property right to the inventor by his government. the U. S. Government uses the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) to grant this right. All the rules are laid down in the U. S. Code.

The term at this point is 20 years from the date your application is filed with the USPTO, of course, as always, with some exceptions. There are almost always exceptions, especially when the Government is looking for money or trying to cover something up. (Soapbox statement) This term only applies to the US and it’s territories and possessions. (Iraq? Not there yet).

The right granted is --- “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the US - or - “importing” the invention into the US. Notice the word “exclude” above. The code doesn’t give the inventor the right to make, use, sell, etc. - it gives him or her the right to EXCLUDE OTHERS from doing it.

In certain instances this may have some meaning - best left to the attorneys (and one more reason why you need help with your invention).

Some people - maybe even you - confuse a patent with trademarks, and copyrights. Although there is some resemblance in the rights granted under these three different kinds of “intellectual property,” they are different, and serve different purposes.

COPYRIGHT - (notice the spelling, it’s a right - not a write)

A copyright protects an author against anyone copying his/her work. That means literary (book), dramatic (play), musical (song), and artistic (painting, photo) works. A copyright also covers in some instances performing and recording rights. Copyright is also a right granted through the Constitution.

One of the basic differences between a patent and a copyright is this:

• A copyright protects the form of expression of an idea (or subject matter of the work).
• In other words, if you described how a machine worked, how you described it in writing would be protected - but the actual machine (that was your idea) would not be protected.
• Other people could DESCRIBE the machine in their own way, and could make (etc.) the machine freely, UNLESS YOU ALSO HAD A PATENT ON THE MACHINE. The patent protects the idea.

Copyrights are registered in the Copyright Office in the Library of Congress.

TRADEMARK/SERVICEMARK

A trademark or servicemark (after this when I say trademark, it will include servicemark) relates to any word, name, symbol or slogan that is used in trade with goods or services, that is used to show where the goods or services came from, and to distinguish them from others.

Trademarks are used so that the public or consumer is not confused as to where or who the product or service came from. A trademark does not stop anyone from using or selling the same goods or services - they just can’t use the same name - or one that is similar to someone else - at least close enough to confuse the public.

Trademarks do not protect ideas - only how you market your idea (product). Trademarks are also not granted by the US Constitution. they are a product of commerce - and started with the various artisan guilds that would identify their creations with a “mark” somewhere on the product. Look at a piece of silverware or pottery to see what I mean.

There you have the basic differences between patents, trademarks and copyrights - all “intellectual properties.” Just remember,

• copyrights protect the expression of an idea
• patents protect the idea itself (with some restrictions)
• and trademarks protect the symbol that you use to market your idea finished into a commercial product.

The law specifies what subject matter is covered by patents and the conditions that have to be met - which is all controlled by the USPTO. Those requirements will be touched on in other pages on this site. Keep tuned - bookmark please - and come back.

for more info click here...

patent rights and trademark information

Most Advanced Microscope of World

Canadian center for Electron Microscopy has developed a new powerful microscope that is world's most powerful microscope till date. According to Gianluigi Botton, Director of Canadian center for Electron Microscopy, says that the power of this microscope can be thought as equivalent to "taking Hubble Telescope and aiming it at atomic level".

Titan 80-300 Cubed
This powerful microscope named Titan 80-300 Cubed was installed at the University early in the summer, and since then it has been put through its paces to achieve unprecedented resolution.
This microscope is so powerful that it can easily identify atoms, measure their chemical state and even probe the electrons that bind them together.

According to vice-president of Mc Master, Mr. Elbestawi this microscope will make McMaster a hub for a fast growing field.

Really Impressive Microscope
A group of international scientists who visited McMaster were really impressed by the amazing capabilities of this microscope. This microscope can help scientist to discover new things in biological and physical sciencesDean of Engineering David Wilkinson sees the microscope through another lens.
Titan's ability can probe structure of solid materials to the atomic level and this will have an amazing impact on development and commercialization of new technologies from biomedical devices to water quality monitoring and improved energy storage systems.

Cost of Microscope
This microscope has been build in Netherlands by FEI Company with a cost of about $15 million. This microscope can help to examine everyday products with its Nano details that can improve the efficiency of these products.

What This Microscope Can Do?
This microscope can be used to produce more efficient lighting and better solar cells, to study proteins and drug-delivery materials to target cancers. It will assess atmospheric particulates, and help create lighter and stronger automotive materials, more effective cosmetics, and higher density memory storage for faster electronic and telecommunication devices.

3-Dimensional Computer Processor

Scientist at University of Rochesterb have developed a new generation of Computer Processors. These processors are based on 3-Dimensional Circuits in contrary to 2-Dimensional Circuits of today.

This can be said as the next major advance in computer processors technology. The latest 3-D processor is running at 1.4 gigahertz in the labs of University.

PAST ATTEMPTS VS LATEST RESEARCH

In the past attempts of making 3-D chips, scientist were just making a stack of regular processors. But at University of Rochesterb it was designed and built specifically to optimize all key processing functions vertically, through multiple layers of processors, the same way ordinary chips optimize functions horizontally.

This design means that every tasks such as Synchronicity, Power Distribution, and Long-Distance Signaling are all fully functioning in three dimensions for the first time.

EBY FRIEDMAN: THE MAN BEHIND 3-D CHIPS

Eby Friedman and his students has designed this chip, which uses many of the tricks of regular processors, but also accounts for different impedances that might occur from chip to chip, different operating speeds, and different power requirements. According to Eby Friedman, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rochester and faculty director of the pro of the processor says:- "I call it a cube now, because it's not just a chip anymore. This is the way computing is going to have to be done in the future. When the chips are flush against each other, they can do things you could never do with a regular 2D chip"

TODAYS INTEGRATED CHIPS AND PROBLEMS

The problem with today's technology of integrated circuits is that, beyond a limit it is impossible to pack more chips next to each other which limits the capabilities of future processors. So number of integrated circuit designers anticipate someday expanding into the third dimension, stacking transistors on top of each other.

IMPORTANCE

Vertical Expansion of chips has lots of technical difficulties and the only solution to this is to design a 3-D chip where all the layers interact like a single system. According to Friedman: Getting all three levels of the 3-D chip to act in harmony is like trying to devise a traffic control system for the entire United States-and then layering two more United States above the first and somehow getting every bit of traffic from any point on any level to its destination on any other level-while simultaneously coordinating the traffic of millions of other drivers.
Now if we replace the two United States layers to something more complicated like China and India where the driving laws and roads are quite different, and the complexity and challenge of designing a single control system to work in any chip begins to become apparent.

The 3-D Chip is essentially an entire circuit board folded up into a tiny package. With this technology the chips inside something like an iPod could be compacted to a tenth their current size with ten times the speed.

VULTURE - Unmanned Aircraft

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of United States is working to develop an unmanned aircraft that is able to stay in air for a period of 5 years at a time. It is one of the most recent inventions of world.

Officials of DARPA has revealed that this aircraft will be known as VULTURE due to its Persistent Pseudo-Satellite Capability . It means that this aircraft will be able to fly over a single area, communicating or performing analysis for years at a time.

Major Obstacles in Project:

Even this project looks appealing to many of you, but there are some serious problems or you can say obstacles in achieving this project.

1) First challenge in front of designers is to figure out some Way to Supply Power to this aircraft during long missions.

2) Another problem is that this aircraft will carry a 1000 pound (450 kg) payload in winds at an altitude of 60,000 to 90,000 feet.

3) Designers have also to sort out the problems regarding Deterioration of Materials during their long-time exposure to stratospheric flight.
In addition to this there may be many challenges during designing of this aircraft.

Daniel Newman: The Man Behind VULTURE

Daniel Newman is the Project Manger of this ambitious project of NASA. In his words: "We want to completely change the paradigm of how we think of aircraft. Aviation has a perfect record - we've never left one up there. We will attempt to break that record". It looks that its time to get out of the traditional "launch - recover - maintain - launch cycle of aircrafts."

Concept Behind Vulture:

Basically Aircrafts operates just like satellites, but the major difference is that these are not regulated by orbital mechanics. You can understand Vulture as a Pseudo-Satellite, which operates in the stratosphere and not in the low Earth orbit. This would provide a 65 dB upgrading in communications capability and will increase onboard sensor resolution.
When Will it Become a Reality?

Well, right now NASA has not mentioned any time table when the aircraft will be ready. But for now NASA has worked on the probable design of Vulture (see picture).

4G TECHNOLOGY

Fourth Generation (4G) mobiles

4G also called as Fourth-Generation Communications System, is a term used to describe the next step in wireless communications. A 4G system can provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis. The data transfer rates are also much higher than previous generations.

The main objectives of 4G are:

1)4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system.

2)This will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors.

3)It can provide premium quality and high security.

4)4G offer all types of services at an affordable cost.

4G is developed to provide high quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications such as wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging, Video Chat, Mobile TV, High definition TV content, DVB, minimal service like voice and data, and other streaming services.

4G technology allow high-quality smooth video transmission. It will enable fast downloading of full-length songs or music pieces in real time.

The business and popularity of 4Gmobiles is predicted to be very vast. On an average, by 2009, this 4Gmobile market will be over $400B and it will dominate the wireless communications, and its converged system will replace most conventional wireless infrastructure.

Data Rates For 4G:

The downloading speed for mobile Internet connections is from 9.6 kbit/s for 2G cellular at present. However, in actual use the data rates are usually slower, especially in crowded areas, or when there is congestion in network.

4G mobile data transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second which means that it will be about 10-20 times faster than standard ASDL services.

In terms of connection seeds, 4G will be about 200 times faster than present 2G mobile data rates, and about 10 times faster than 3G broadband mobile. 3G data rates are currently 2Mbit/sec, which is very fast compared to 2G's 9.6Kbit/sec.

X-mini Speakers

we featured the unboxing galleries of the two XMI X-mini portable speakers which we received from Singapore. After having tried and tested its features and even used it while on the road, we were overall well impressed with the X-mini II Capsule Speaker and the X-mini MAX II portable speaker. If you haven’t yet heard about them before, we strongly advise you first read about their details and see the photos here and here…
for more information click on the link below
http://www.gadgetlite.com/2009/11/16/review-xmi-x-mini-ii-capsule/

gadgets

Packard Bell announced last week their first Freeview certified TV-ready PCs, both the oneTwo series M and L models will be integrated with Freeview certified digital TV tuner in the UK.

The latest Packard Bell oneTwo series is designed to procure a maximum amount of enjoyment with a minimal amount of effort, by bringing together the technology in a friendly interface. This all-in-one device, with its space-saving design and a single power-cord combines a PC and a TV in a 20’’ or 23’’ display. Both models will boast touchscreens, compliant and optimised for Windows 7. More info on their specs and pricing below.
http://www.gadgetlite.com/2009/11/16/latest-packard-bell-onetwo-series/